OWNERSHIP IN ISLAM: DEFINITION, TYPES, PROTECTION, AND AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF COAL MINES IN LIGHT OF MAQASID AL-SHARIAH

Abstract

Ownership holds a central place in Islamic economic thought, governed by ethical and legal principles. This study examines the concept of ownership in Islam, including its linguistic and jurisprudential definitions, classifications, and protection under Islamic law. It highlights the balance between individual rights and societal welfare in light of Maqasid al-Shariah. The research explores different types of ownership—private, public, and state-controlled—within the Islamic economic system. A special focus is given to the ownership and management of coal mines and other mineral resources, analyzing whether they fall under state control, communal ownership, or private possession from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective. By drawing on classical Islamic sources and contemporary scholarly opinions, this study provides insights into the governance and ethical distribution of natural resources. It aims to contribute to the discourse on Islamic economics, ensuring sustainable resource management and equitable economic justice.

Keywords:  Ownership in Islam, Types of Ownership, Protection of Property, Maqasid al-Shariah, Coal Mines Analysis