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Contribution of Social, Moral & Fiscal Family Support on Sports Achievements of Players of Punjab Province

Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The main purpose of the study was to find out how social, moral, and financial support of family affects Punjabi athletes' sporting accomplishments. Quantitative metrics were the foundation of the previous study. All student-athletes from Punjab public universities made up the population of this study. For the study, 2000 volunteers in total were enlisted. One thousand survey cases made up the sample size. Using a purposive sample approach, the target group consisted of student-athletes between aged (19 to 25), who were keenly participating in sports at university level. Two self-made structured questionnaires were used to gather data. Both descriptive (mean, percentage, & standard deviation) and inferential statistic were used. Multiple linear Regression was used to assess the influence of social, financial and moral support of family on sports achievement of athlete at university level. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS. The results investigated that all the independent variable (social, moral and fiscal support of family) had significant contribution athlete’s achievements in sports. It was concluded that if proper contribution of social moral & fiscal family support provided to the Punjab Province players, this might have significance of positive effect on sports achievements.

Keywords: Social, moral, & fiscal support, athletes, sports achievements, & university level.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19475158

Why Pakistan Needs a Graduated Legal-Criminal Justice Response to Digital Radicalisation: Importance, Necessity, and Applications of the AYAZ KHAN Model

Mr. Ayaz Khan , Professor Dr. Muhammad Zubair Khan — Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital radicalisation has transformed the legal and institutional landscape of counter-extremism in Pakistan. Online extremist ecosystems now operate through social media, encrypted messaging, video-sharing platforms, and increasingly fragmented digital environments that blur the boundary between protected expression, extremist advocacy, facilitation, and terrorism-linked conduct. Drawing on a wider socio-legal doctoral study, this article explains the importance, necessity, and applied value of the AYAZ KHAN Model, a structured legal-criminal justice framework developed to address digital radicalisation in Pakistan. The article argues that existing law remains fragmented across the Anti-Terrorism Act 1997, the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act 2016 and its later amendments, regulatory practice, and institutional routines. That fragmentation produces conceptual instability, threshold ambiguity, evidentiary fragility, institutional overlap, and procedural vulnerability. In response, the AYAZ KHAN Model proposes eight integrated components: assessment of risk, yardsticks of legal threshold, authentication and attribution of digital evidence, zoned intervention and response, knowledge-led institutional coordination, human rights and procedural justice safeguards, accountability and appellate review, and neutralization, rehabilitation, and normative reintegration. The article demonstrates why this model is needed, how it improves on both the current Pakistani framework and selected comparative approaches, and where it can be applied across prevention, investigation, prosecution, adjudication, rehabilitation, and policy coordination. It concludes that Pakistan requires not a more punitive but a more coherent, reviewable, and evidence-based response to digital radicalisation.

Keywords: Digital Radicalisation, Pakistan, Criminal Justice, Preventive Justice, Digital Evidence, Terrorism Law

Plato’s Theory and the Metaphysical Dualism

Qurratulain Sardar, Dr. — Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Plato’s theory of imitation (mimesis) is inherently grounded in the philosophical foundations of the existence of reality. His reflective introspection on arts and poetry deeply echoes in the theoretical doctrines of The Republic and Ion, ascends mainly from the theoretical concerns about reality, knowledge, and existence (Plato, trans. 1997). To Plato, art is inseparable from metaphysics, presents within the paradigm of existing structure of reality, where the eternal world of ideas (perfect) is superior to the world of senses (imperfect,) in other way, the four D reality (world of forms) is where from the ideas flow to the three D world (world of sensory appearance) to become the part of the reality.

Keywords: Plato, Metaphysical Dualism, Theory of Forms, Ontology, Epistemology, Reality vs Appearance, Idealism, Utopia