An Analysis of the Quranic Narrative of Abraham (AS) and Orientalist Criticisms

Abstract

This research paper consider the socio-religious aspects and the modern relevance of the chosen topic of discussion. The paper discusses the historical context, the major theological debates and societal influence of the problem in classical and contemporary society. Relying on primary sources of Islam the Quran, established collections of authentic Hadith and the views of early jurists the paper points to the principles according to which the classical scholars shaped their legal and ethical views. It subsequently contrasts these classical stances with the current academic discourses and policy debates bringing out similarities and differences. The research techniques are qualitative textual analysis based on authoritative commentaries, fiqh literature and current peer-reviewed literature to construct a logical argument. The results show that the core Islamic doctrines do not change; however, the way they are applied to contemporary issues in the society should be carefully contextualized. Social justice, ethical governance, the tension between tradition and innovation are issues around which the discourse revolves. The study indicates that the interpretation of the spirit (maqāsid) of the Shariah, its goals of justice, mercy, and common good are essential to responding to the realities of the present without losing the essential values. In addition, the paper provides certain practical suggestions to scholars, educators and policymakers so as to close the divide between historical jurisprudence and the contemporary socio-economic reality. These involve revisiting the classical interpretations, in the presence of the modern evidence, multidisciplinary dialogue, and community awareness programs through culturally sensitive and theologically sound programs. Finally, the research also adds to the current academic discourse by proving that an active but also principled interaction with Islamic sources could offer potential solutions to existing challenges. It highlights the importance of intellectual receptiveness, moral accountability and profound understanding of the comprehensive vision of Islam in the leadership of the contemporary society.

Keywords: Islamic Jurisprudence, Socio-Religious Analysis, Contemporary Application, Maqāsid al-Shariah, Ethical Governance, Classical and Modern Perspectives, Qualitative Textual Analysis