History of the Line of Control

Abstract

The Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan in the region of Jammu and Kashmir represents a complex boundary born out of historical conflicts between the two neighboring states. This research paper explores the evolution of LoC from its origin to its present status. The research paper explores the transformation of the Ceasefire Line (CFL) that was established under the Karachi agreement of 1949 following the first Indo-Pak war into the Line of Control (LoC) under Simla agreement in 1971. The paper examines military and political development that shaped the LoC. The origin of LoC can be traced back to the first war between India and Pakistan on Kashmir, which resulted in the formation of Ceasefire line. The demarcation of CFL was monitored by the United Nation Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP). In Simla agreement, the CFL was modified and renamed as Line of Control. The paper also involves the analysis of territorial gains and losses by both countries during Indo-Pak wars which affected the LoC. It also covers the conflicts or ceasefire violations after the formation of LoC. Through historical analysis, this research aims to understand how the LoC came into existence and has influenced the Indo-Pak relation till now.

Keywords: Line of Control (LoC), Indo-Pak Relations, Kashmir Conflict, Ceasefire Agreement, Border Dispute