Militarization of outer space: Do Automated Defense Systems (ADS) violate international space law?

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17576824

Abstract

Militarization of outer space is very problematic, and more so with Automated Defense Systems (ADS)-autonomous detect and neutralize orbital menace technologies. These systems are taking place within the grey zone of regulations, which permits non-violent military operations and raises concerns regarding ethical and functioning dangers. The main problems are the loss of human control in the targeting option, which complicates the ethical decision-making process during the conflict, as well as the increased risks of space debris that may pose a threat to satellites and missions. ADS can also restrict the fair use of space to all countries, which creates geopolitical tensions and possible conflicts in orbit. This discussion identifies the weaknesses of current frameworks in dealing with the aspects of autonomy, accountability, and environmental impacts. It is a call to progressive bilateral accords to advance the concept of transparency, mitigation measures of debris, and verifiable protection so that outer space would be a place of peaceful discovery and collaboration in the face of increasing strategic tensions.

Keywords: challenges, historical context, laws, opportunities, theoretical context