The Qur’anic Concept of Creation of the Universe and Modern Cosmology: A Comparative and Analytical Study

Abstract

This study provides a comparative and analytical examination of the concept of the universe as presented in the Qur’an and modern scientific cosmology. The Qur’an presents the universe as a divinely created, purposeful, and orderly system, emphasizing the principles of divine will, wisdom, and the ethical responsibility of human beings. In contrast, modern cosmology investigates the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe through empirical observations, mathematical modeling, and physical laws, encompassing theories such as the Big Bang, cosmic inflation, cosmic microwave background radiation, and fine-tuning of fundamental constants. The research identifies notable points of convergence, including the universe’s initial singularity, primordial gaseous state, and continuous expansion, which correlate with Qur’anic expressions such as “smoke” (dukhān) and the dynamic organization of creation. However, key differences are evident: the Qur’an emphasizes the metaphysical, moral, and purposive dimensions of creation, while modern cosmology focuses solely on mechanistic explanations and observable phenomena. The study concludes that the Qur’anic and scientific perspectives, though distinct in methodology and scope, are not inherently contradictory. Integrating both provides a more comprehensive understanding of the universe, combining empirical inquiry with reflection on purpose, divine wisdom, and human accountability, thereby enriching both scientific and theological discourse.

Keywords: Qur’an, Cosmology, Universe, Big Bang, Creation, Divine Purpose, Teleology, Scientific Cosmology, Fine