Ethical and Sharīʿah Implications of Deepfake Technology: An Examination of Slander, Character Assassination, and Human Dignity

Abstract

The discussion and arguments presented in this article clearly demonstrate that deepfake technology is not merely a modern digital invention; rather, it constitutes a profound ethical and Sharīʿah-related issue that directly impacts human dignity, the sanctity of honor, and social trust. In Islamic law, false accusation, false testimony, and character assassination have always been regarded as grave crimes, and deepfake technology presents these very offenses in a new and far more effective form.Islamic ethics, the objectives of Sharīʿah (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah), and the guidance of contemporary juristic institutions all appear to agree that any technology which reduces human beings to mere instruments and harms their dignity cannot be deemed acceptable. Therefore, the solution to the problem of deepfakes is not merely technical or legal, but also moral and religious.If deepfake technology is left unchecked without clear Sharīʿah and ethical boundaries, it may give rise to a form of moral chaos in modern societies whose consequences will be felt for generations. Conversely, if this technology is evaluated through the lens of Islamic principles such as human dignity, justice, and responsibility, the protection of human honor and social justice can be ensured.First, the development and dissemination of deepfake technology should, in principle, be declared prohibited, except in limited cases where there is no harm and a transparent, clearly defined purpose.Second, the use of an individual’s voice, image, or identity without their consent is Islamically impermissible; therefore, strict ethical and legal restrictions must be imposed on such practices.Third, public awareness regarding digital ethics should be promoted within Islamic societies so that people can understand the dangers of deepfakes and refrain from becoming part of their spread.Fourth, juristic institutions should maintain continuous ijtihād-based oversight of deepfake technology and similar innovations, as the pace of technological advancement far exceeds that of traditional juristic discourse.

Keyword: “Deepfake Technology, Ethical Consequences, Defamation, Character Assassination, and Their Impact , on Human Dignity in the Light of Sharīʿah