Sustainable Wellness Textiles: Fragrance-Integrated Bamboo–Hemp Underwear for Odor Management and Skin Comfort
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable, skin-friendly, and wellness-oriented apparel has accelerated research into functional textiles that extend beyond basic comfort and aesthetics. Among natural fibers, bamboo and hemp have gained increasing attention for underwear applications due to their excellent breathability, moisture management, biodegradability, and inherent antimicrobial properties. However, while these fibers effectively reduce microbial growth and odor formation, they do not provide sustained freshness or sensory enhancement without additional functional treatments. In recent years, fragrance-integrated textiles have emerged as a promising solution for improving wearer comfort, hygiene, and psychological well-being through controlled aroma release. This review critically examines recent advances in fragrance-integrated bamboo–hemp underwear, focusing on odor management, antimicrobial enhancement, and skin comfort. The fundamental mechanisms of odor generation in intimate apparel are discussed, followed by a comprehensive analysis of bamboo and hemp fiber properties relevant to next-to-skin applications. Advanced fragrance delivery technologies including microencapsulation, cyclodextrin-based host–guest systems, and essential oil finishes are systematically reviewed with emphasis on durability, wash fastness, skin safety, and controlled release behavior. The synergistic integration of fragrance systems with antimicrobial finishes such as zinc oxide, chitosan, and probiotic treatments is highlighted as a dual-action strategy for long-lasting odor prevention and sustained freshness.
In addition, the influence of fabric structures, laundering durability, sensory performance, and regulatory considerations is discussed in the context of intimate apparel. Current research limitations, industrial challenges, and future perspectives are identified, emphasizing the need for scalable, skin-safe, and environmentally responsible fragrance technologies. This review provides a comprehensive framework for the development of next-generation sustainable wellness underwear, offering valuable insights for researchers, textile manufacturers, and apparel brands seeking to combine natural fibers, functional performance, and sensory innovation.
Keywords: Bamboo–Hemp Textiles, Functional Underwear, Fragrance Microencapsulation, Odor Control, Antimicrobial Finishes, Wellness Textiles, Sustainable Apparel.
