Pakistan’s Foreign Policy shift from Isolation state to Engagement State (2022-2025): An analytical study

Abstract

This research article focuses on the transition of Pakistan's foreign policy from a period of diplomatic isolation towards increasing diplomatic engagement during the years 2022-2025. In particular, the study argues that Pakistan's foreign policy during these years was influenced by a combination of domestic political, economic, and security factors, as well as geopolitical trends. The year 2022 has been crucial for the country, as Pakistan has started implementing the strategy of strategic balancing in its foreign policy as it continued its relations with China, USA, European countries, Russia, and Gulf States. During 2023-2024, Islamabad paid more attention to economic diplomacy, regional connectivity, and investment-oriented foreign policy. Finally, the diplomatic events of the India-Pakistan crisis of 2025 have shown further efforts of the country in terms of attracting international diplomatic support. This research uses a qualitative and analytical approach in assessing the main factors, initiatives, and geopolitical processes promoting diplomatic movement from isolation to engagement. The research concludes that despite the efforts of Pakistan to increase its diplomatic engagement, its sustainability would depend on political, economic, and institutional stability, as well as a balanced foreign policy.

Keywords: Pakistan, Foreign Policy, Diplomatic Engagement, International Isolation, Strategic Balancing, Geopolitics, Regional Security.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22045207