Individualized Education Programs (IEPs): Policy, Practice, and Progress

Abstract

Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) are critical tools designed to ensure students with disabilities receive tailored educational services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This paper examines the policy framework, practical implementation, and challenges of IEPs, emphasizing their role in promoting equitable access to education. Key components of IEPs include measurable annual goals, present levels of performance, and specialized services, all developed collaboratively by educators, parents, and specialists. Despite their legal mandate, challenges such as resource limitations, communication barriers, and inconsistent implementation persist, often hindering their effectiveness. The paper also explores trends like inclusion and technology integration, alongside future directions for enhancing personalization and policy alignment. By addressing these challenges and leveraging best practices, IEPs can better serve their intended purpose of fostering academic and social success for students with disabilities.

Keywords: Individualized Education Program (IEP), Special Education, IDEA, Inclusion, Measurable Goals, Parental Participation, Resource Limitations, Assistive Technology, Policy Implementation