Challenges in Counterterrorism Cooperation Between Pakistan and Afghanistan After the US Withdrawal

Abstract

The US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 has changed the security situations of the region while providing new prospects and obstacles for joint counterterrorism efforts between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan had anticipated that the Taliban's rise to power in Afghanistan would lessen the threat of militancy in the country; however, the situation went beyond expectations. The Taliban’s reemergence intensified the security situation in Pakistan, which further increased the conflict between the two states. The study investigates counterterrorism efforts and challenges to Pakistan and Afghanistan since the US withdrawal. Pakistan's and Afghanistan's interests in fighting terrorism face obstacles from distrust, unstable politics, and differing main concerns for national security. This research article uses qualitative research to examine how regional states and international organizations influence the anti-terrorism plans of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Their counterterrorism cooperation has been limited for a long time due to their distinct political frameworks and security issues. The analysis concludes that strong cooperation between them is needed to boost cross-border efforts and strengthen security coordination between the two states.

Keywords: Counterterrorism, Cooperation, Pakistan, Afghanistan, US Withdrawal