Exploring Gender Role in the Perpetuation of Honour Killing: A Case Study of District Kohat-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Abstract

Honour killing remain a significant issue within the Pakhtun community, deeply rooted in socio-cultural constructs and traditional notions such as “namus” (honour) and “ghairat” (Chivalry). This study investigated the socio-cultural dimension of honour killings in District Kohat, focusing on the perspectives of key community stakeholders, including Jirga members, offender families, social activists, researcher and Non-governmental organization (INGOs). A qualitative research methodology was employed, collecting primary data through in-depth interviews by selecting 25 participants through a purposive sampling technique. The thematic analysis technique was applied for data analysis. The study identifies key factors contributing to honour killings, including rigid gender roles, societal pressure, deep-seated patriarchal norms, and a lack of effective legal enforcement. Findings reveal that concepts such as “paighor” (taunt) and public shame act as catalysts for honour-related violence, compelling individuals and families to resort to extreme measures. Honour killings are not merely personal acts but are reinforced by broader systemic issues, such as weak governance, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms, and the collective pressure to conform to cultural expectations. The study recommends that addressing these structural and cultural factors, society can move towards the gradual eradication of honour killings and the protection of fundamental human rights within the Pakhtun community.

Keywords: Honour killings, Pakhtun Perspective, Socio-cultural constructs, Gender roles.