Mathematics and Sufism (Faqar): A Journey of Balance and Unity

https://doi.org/10.55966/assaj.2025.4.1.073

Abstract

This article explores the profound connections between mathematics and Sufism (Faqar), revealing how both disciplines embody principles of balance, unity, and divine order. While mathematics provides a logical framework to understand the physical world through patterns, symmetry, and equations, Sufism offers a spiritual lens to perceive the deeper meaning behind these structures, emphasizing humility, love, and connection with Allah. The article draws parallels between mathematical concepts such as zero, infinity, the Fibonacci sequence, and geometric shapes and Sufi teachings on ego dissolution, eternal divine mercy, and the symbolism of the circle as a representation of Allah’s unity. Through Qur’anic verses, Hadith, and insights from Sunni scholars like Imam Ghazali, Rumi, and Ibn Arabi, the study illustrates how mathematical truths mirror spiritual truths, guiding seekers toward inner harmony and divine realization. Examples include the role of zero in mathematics and Sufi concepts of humility (fana), the infinite as a metaphor for Allah’s boundless mercy, and the straight path (Sirat al-Mustaqeem) as both a geometric and spiritual ideal. The article concludes that mathematics and Sufism are complementary paths to truth: one appeals to the intellect, the other to the heart, together leading to a holistic understanding of creation and the Creator.

Keywords: Mathematics, Sufism, Faqar, Divine Unity, Balance, Zero (Sifr), Infinity, Fibonacci Sequence, Geometric Symbolism, Spiritual Harmony