The Role of Pragmatics in Cross-Cultural Communication

https://doi.org/10.55966/assaj.2025.4.1.081

Abstract

Pragmatics, the study of how context, tone, and implied meaning shape communication, is indispensable in cross-cultural interactions. This article explores the critical role of pragmatic competence in mitigating misunderstandings arising from divergent cultural norms. Through theoretical frameworks such as Speech Act Theory, Politeness Theory, and Grice’s Cooperative Principle, the analysis highlights how language functions beyond literal meaning, governed by culturally specific rules. Key challenges include navigating indirectness in high-context cultures, decoding politeness strategies, interpreting humor and sarcasm, and understanding non-verbal cues like silence and eye contact. Case studies from business, diplomacy, healthcare, and everyday interactions illustrate the real-world consequences of pragmatic failures, such as derailed negotiations, misdiagnoses, and social friction. Strategies for developing pragmatic competence such as cultural awareness training, adaptive communication, and repair techniques are proposed to bridge these gaps. The article underscores the urgency of integrating pragmatics into language education, workplace training, and AI translation tools to foster effective cross-cultural communication in an increasingly globalized world.

Keywords: Pragmatics, Cross-Cultural Communication, Cultural Competence, Speech Acts, Politeness Strategies, Non-Verbal Cues, Intercultural Training, AI Translation, Miscommunication, Global Workplace