Power Contestation and the Future of the Western Security Order: Evaluating Freedom of Navigation Conflicts in the South China Sea

Abstract

The confrontations in the South China Sea have far-reaching implications for the stability of the Western security order. Major powers, particularly the United States, have conducted freedom of navigation operations (FONOPs) to challenge China's excessive maritime claims. The destabilizing effects of this confrontation extend beyond the South China Sea. The Western security order, which relies on a rules-based international system and the peaceful resolution of disputes, is at risk as China's actions undermine the established norms and principles. The assertiveness in the South China Sea challenges the authority of international law and raises concerns about China's intentions in other regions. Addressing the confrontation over freedom of navigation requires a concerted effort to uphold the principles of the Western security order. This Research explores the Power Contestation in between the Major Powers. The research methodology for this research involve a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. This study also used both Primary and secondary methods to collect data and In-depth interviews were used to collect qualitative data from individual stakeholders, military officials then it was analyzed. Diplomatic engagement, adherence to international law, and the establishment of mechanisms for peaceful dispute resolution are essential. This Research is crucial to work towards a regional framework that respects the freedom of navigation and preserves the stability of the Western security order.

Keywords: South China Sea, Western Security Order, Freedom of Navigation (FONOPs), Power Contestation, International Law