EDUCATION POLICIES IN POST-18TH AMENDMENT PAKISTAN: FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL DYNAMICS AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

The 18th Constitutional Amendment separated education control from the national government and gave it to state authorities across Pakistan. This investigation explores how the power shift between national and state authorities influences education policy together with its administration problems. The education policies of each province have improved thanks to the reform but cooperation among states and budget fairness remain difficult to achieve. This research uses policy evaluation tools to reveal how official monitoring plus established rules plus enhanced provincial abilities will help fix current issues. The study shows that both provincial governance and national support are needed to let local areas design better education changes while keeping the country's education targets on track. The research recommends better ways for national and regional governments to collaborate in order to create a stronger Pakistani education system.

Keywords: Education policy, 18th Amendment, federal-provincial relations, decentralization, governance, policy challenges, Pakistan.