PAKISTAN'S ROLE IN AFGHANISTAN: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON DIPLOMACY, SECURITY, AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS

Abstract

Pakistan and Afghanistan share a complex and intertwined history, shaped by geographical proximity, ethnic ties, and geopolitical interests. This article examines Pakistan's role in Afghanistan, focusing on the historical context, diplomatic engagements, security challenges, and regional dynamics that have defined their relationship. From the Soviet-Afghan War to the post-9/11 era, Pakistan's foreign policy has been deeply influenced by its strategic interests in Afghanistan, particularly its desire for a friendly regime to counterbalance Indian influence. The Durand Line, a contentious border drawn during colonial rule, remains a source of tension, exacerbated by cross-border militancy, refugee crises, and economic instability. The article also explores the impact of U.S. policies, the role of regional players like China and India, and the potential for economic cooperation through initiatives such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Despite efforts to foster bilateral dialogue and regional stability, persistent mistrust and unresolved grievances continue to hinder progress. The study concludes that a collaborative approach, addressing shared concerns such as terrorism, economic development, and cultural ties, is essential for lasting peace and stability in the region. By analyzing historical events and contemporary challenges, this article highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of Pakistan-Afghanistan relations to inform future policy decisions.

Keywords: Pakistan-Afghanistan relations, Durand Line, Soviet-Afghan War, regional security, CPEC, U.S. foreign policy, cross-border militancy, diplomatic engagement, historical context, economic cooperation.