THE IMPACT OF NATIONALISM ON SAARC'S COHESION AND FUNCTIONALITY; A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was set up to promote economic integration among the countries of its membership. But the recent rise of nationalist movements has made challenges to the organization's cohesion and operational rhythms. This article critically examines the effect of nationalism on SAARC and how SAARC has affected border conflicts, economic competition, political interventions and socio cultural frictions among the member states. Nationalism, which often appears as very strong loyalty to one’s nation and culture, can be a very big thing in undermining regional cooperation. Occasionally nationalist agendas have caused border disputes and economic rivalries to increase that serve to diminish the common goals and mutual benefits of SAARC. Political interference has also hit the roadblock of nationalist driven and has blocked critical agreements and initiatives meant to encourage regional connectivity and economic prosperity. However, the relationship between nationalism and regional cooperation is not antagonistic. If channelled properly, says this article, nationalism need not rule out regional integration. The truth is, it can even help create a strong identity and something to which the region can feel a purpose. To move out of the complex maze of nationalism, SAARC has to open dialogue, engage in deeper diplomatic interaction and expand economic linkages that have concrete benefits across national boundaries. The barriers created by nationalism can only be overcome through historical grievances that breed distrust and hatred among member states. It can also be used to contribute in the creation of a regional identity which is not competitive with national identity but rather complementary to it. This should not be the only means of using economic cooperation for mutual growth, but also should be a diplomatic tool for building trust and collaboration. However, in its entirety, nationalism is a daunting problem for SAARC, but not an insurmountable one. The future of SAARC depends upon how its member States can find a proper balance of nationalist impetus and regional co-operation. SAARC can continue to be an important instrument of peace, prosperity and development in South Asia if it adopts policies which moderate the pernicious influence of nationalism and takes a common stand on regional issues.

Keywords: SAARC, Nationalism, Regional Cooperation, Economic Integration, Border Disputes, Economic Rivalry