THE EVOLVING IDENTITY OF RELIGIOUS PARTIES IN PAKISTAN'S POLITICAL ARENA

Abstract

This article explores the dynamic role and evolving identity of religious parties within Pakistan's political landscape. As pivotal players in Pakistan's democracy, these parties exert significant influence on both governance and social norms. The study examines the transformation of religious parties from peripheral actors to central figures in the political arena, particularly their involvement in legislative processes and their impact on public policy. The analysis begins with a historical overview, tracing the origins and ideological foundations of major religious parties like the Jamaat-e-Islami and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam. It highlights how these parties have capitalized on Pakistan's complex socio-political environment to gain a foothold in both national and regional politics. The paper also discusses the strategic alliances formed by these parties with secular political entities, illustrating their tactical adaptability. Further, the article assesses the dual role of religious parties as both proponents of conservative religious norms and as political entities seeking broader influence. It examines the implications of this dual role for Pakistan’s policy making, especially in areas like education, law, and human rights. The study also addresses the impact of these parties on sectarian tensions and national unity. In conclusion, the article provides insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by religious parties as they navigate between traditional religious values and the demands of modern political engagement. Recommendations are offered for policymakers and political analysts on engaging with and understanding the evolving role of these parties to ensure a balanced political discourse.

Keywords: religious parties, Pakistan politics, political transformation, ideological influence, sectarianism, governance, policy impact, Jamaat-e-Islami, Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, political alliances.