COMBATING FAKE NEWS AND PROPAGANDA: POLICY APPROACHES FOR SAFEGUARDING MEDIA INTEGRITY AND PUBLIC TRUST IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

This article examines the complex problem of countering propaganda and fake news in Pakistan, highlighting the necessity of sensible legislative measures to protect media integrity and rebuild public confidence. It looks at how common disinformation is becoming, especially on social media, and how it affects democratic processes and public discourse, negatively. The article outlines a number of policy solutions, including as media literacy programs, regulatory frameworks for digital media, and the part played by government organizations, media outlets, and civil society in resolving the problem. The report supports a balanced strategy that encourages free speech while preventing the spread of misleading material, drawing on global best practices. It also emphasizes how crucial it is for stakeholders to work together and implement open, fact-based policies in order to shield the public from the damaging impacts of propaganda and fake news. In order to guarantee a better informed and resilient society, the essay ends with suggestions for bolstering media governance, encouraging responsible journalism, and raising public awareness. Qualitative approach has been utilized in the research process and content analysis along with thematic and discourse analysis of the available data has been undertaken as per the research demands. The article is an attempt, addition and contribution to academia, and guideline for scholars, students and policy makers.

Keywords: Disinformation, Misinformation, Polarization, Media Literacy, Deep Fake Detection, Propaganda Crises