Impact of Climate Change on Socio-Economic Security of Pakistan

Abstract

Climate change poses a significant challenge to Pakistan's socio-economic stability, threatening food security, water resources, energy supply, and public health. As one of the world's most climate-vulnerable country, Pakistan is facing floods, droughts, heatwaves, and rising sea levels, all of which are impacting agricultural productivity and enhancing poverty. This article analyse the multifaceted impacts of climate change on Pakistan's socio-economic security, focusing on agriculture, forestry, water, energy, and urban infrastructure. It also highlights how vulnerability to climate change leads to migration, health crises, and potential conflicts, thereby enhancing social inequalities. The study identifies crucial gaps in institutional capacity and governance that hinder effective climate change adaptation and mitigation. The article argues that sustainable resource management, renewable energy deployment, reforestation, and regional cooperation are essential to addressing these challenges. Ultimately, Pakistan's resilience depends on integrating climate policy into socio-economic planning to ensure future stability and development.

Keywords: Impact, Climate Change, Socio-Economic Security, Climate Policy, Pakistan